Explanation
Statement I — Incorrect.
The
National Rail Plan (NRP) is a long-term strategy of Indian Railways aimed at creating a
‘future-ready’ railway system by 2030, not 2028. It focuses on capacity expansion, increasing freight share to ~45%, and meeting demand up to 2050. Hence, the year mentioned makes this statement wrong.
Statement II — Incorrect.
Kavach is an
indigenous Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system developed by
RDSO (Indian Railways). It is a major step toward
Atmanirbhar Bharat in railway safety and has
no collaboration with Germany. Hence, this statement is incorrect.
Statement III — Correct.
The
Kavach system uses RFID tags installed on railway tracks, including station sections. These tags help the system determine the
exact location of trains and enable features like
automatic braking to prevent collisions, signal passing at danger (SPAD), and overspeeding.
Thus,
Statements I and II are incorrect.