Government Schemes in News – 2026 Compendium
This is a comprehensive coverage of major government schemes across 9 sectors in a structured, exam-ready format. Each scheme is mapped with its Ministry, Type, Launch Year, core objective, key features, and likely prelims traps.
🏥 PART 1: Health & AYUSH
Ayushman Bharat – PM Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY)
- ₹5 lakh per family per year (family floater basis) for secondary & tertiary hospitalisation
- Cashless & paperless treatment; portability across India
- No cap on family size, age, or gender; covers pre-existing diseases from Day 1
- Beneficiaries based on SECC 2011 data (~bottom 40% of population)
- Implemented by the National Health Authority (NHA)
Prelims Traps: Not primary healthcare | Not a universal scheme | Insurance — not infrastructure
PM-ABHIM (Pradhan Mantri Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission)
- Outlay: ₹64,180 crore (2021–26)
- Strengthens public health infrastructure & pandemic preparedness
- Integrated Public Health Labs at district level; Critical care hospital blocks
- One Health approach (human + animal + environment health)
- National disease surveillance network strengthening
Prelims Trap: Infrastructure scheme → NOT insurance | Distinct from PM-JAY
Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM)
- Creates a digital health ecosystem
- ABHA ID (Ayushman Bharat Health Account) — unique digital health identity (14 digits)
- Health Facility Registry + Healthcare Professionals Registry
- Unified Health Interface (UHI) — open protocol for health services
Prelims Trap: Digital infra only → no insurance element
National Health Mission (NHM)
- Sub-Missions: NRHM (National Rural Health Mission) + NUHM (National Urban Health Mission)
- Reduce IMR & MMR; universal access to healthcare; strengthen primary healthcare
- Flexible funding to states; focus on vulnerable groups
AMRIT Pharmacy Scheme
- Affordable medicines & implants at 50–90% discount
- Covers oncology drugs, cardiac implants
- Implemented by HLL Lifecare Ltd. (Central Public Sector Enterprise)
Prelims Trap: Discounted — not free
National Action Plan on AMR 2.0 (2025–29)
- Combat Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
- One Health approach — coordinates human, animal & environmental health sectors
- Multi-ministry coordination; antibiotic regulation; surveillance strengthening
Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) vs JSSK
- JSY: Cash incentive to mother + ASHA worker for institutional delivery
- JSSK: Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram — Zero expense delivery — free services (drugs, diagnostics, blood, C-section, transport)
Prelims Trap: JSY = Cash | JSSK = Free services — critical distinction
Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA)
- Free antenatal check-up for pregnant women on 9th of every month
- Provided by doctors/specialist at govt health facilities
AYUSH Schemes (Ministry of AYUSH)
- AYUSH Nivesh Saarthi Portal: Facilitate investment in AYUSH sector
- Dravya Portal: Database of medicinal plants
- SPARK 4.0: Promote research & innovation in AYUSH
⚡ Health — Quick Prelims Traps
🎓 PART 2: Education, Skill & Youth
- PM-JAY → Insurance | ABHIM → Infrastructure | ABDM → Digital ecosystem
- JSY → Cash transfer | JSSK → Free services (extremely important distinction)
- NHM → Umbrella mission (NRHM + NUHM)
- AMRIT → Discounted, not free | Implemented by HLL Lifecare Ltd.
- AMR 2.0 → One Health approach
PM SHRI Scheme (PM Schools for Rising India)
- Upgrade 14,500 existing schools as model schools aligned with NEP 2020
- Smart classrooms, skill labs, green infrastructure (solar, water harvesting)
- Shifts from rote learning to experiential & holistic learning
Prelims Trap: New schools are not created — existing schools are upgraded.
NIRF (National Institutional Ranking Framework)
- Ranks Higher Educational Institutions on 5 parameters: Teaching & Learning (30%), Research (30%), Graduation Outcomes (20%), Outreach & Inclusivity (10%), Perception (10%)
Prelims Trap: Published by MoE, not UGC | It is a ranking framework — not a scheme
One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
- National access to research journals & academic databases for all institutions
- Reduces research cost; democratises access to scientific literature
Digital Education Platforms
- DIKSHA: Digital e-content for teachers & students
- SWAYAM: MOOCs platform for online courses
- PM e-Vidya: Digital education ecosystem (includes One Class One Channel on TV)
- NDLI (National Digital Library): Digital repository of learning resources
PM Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
- Flagship skill training scheme; short-term training + Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
- PMKVY 4.0 focuses on Industry 4.0, coding, AI, robotics, mechatronics
NAVYA Initiative
- Target: Adolescent girls
- Vocational training + empowerment of young women
Startup India
- Promote startups: tax benefits (3-year tax holiday), Fund of Funds (₹10,000 crore), ease of compliance
- DPIIT recognition gives startups access to benefits
Atal Innovation Mission (AIM)
- Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs): Innovation labs in schools
- Atal Incubation Centres (AICs): Startup incubation support
Khelo India Programme
- Grassroot sports development; components: Khelo India Youth Games, Khelo India Asmita (women’s component)
⚡ Education/Skill — Quick Prelims Traps
🌾 PART 3: Agriculture, Rural Development & Water
- PM SHRI → Existing schools upgrade (not new schools)
- NIRF → Published by MoE (not UGC); ranking framework, not scheme
- PMKVY → Skill flagship | includes RPL component
- AIM → Under NITI Aayog (not Ministry of Education)
- ONOS → Research journal national access
PM-KISAN (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi)
- ₹6,000/year in 3 equal instalments (₹2,000 each) via DBT to farmers’ bank accounts
- Covers all landholding farmer families; fully funded by Centre
Prelims Trap: Income support, NOT loan waiver | 100% Central funding
PM Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
- Crop insurance scheme; premium: 2% (Kharif), 1.5% (Rabi), 5% (commercial/horticulture)
- Covers natural calamities; uses remote sensing, drones for loss assessment
- Remaining premium subsidised by Centre + State governments
Prelims Trap: Farmer pays small premium only; rest subsidised by govt
PM Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)
- Improve irrigation efficiency — “Har Khet Ko Pani, More Crop Per Drop”
- Components: Per Drop More Crop (micro-irrigation), Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP)
PM-KUSUM Scheme
- Solarisation of agriculture: solar pumps for farmers, solar power plants on barren land
- Reduces diesel dependency; supplements farmer income via solar power sale to grids
e-NAM (National Agriculture Market)
- Unified national online trading platform for agricultural commodities
- Integrates APMC mandis; enables pan-India price discovery and trade
Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) & NMNF
- PKVY: Promotes organic farming through cluster-based approach
- National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF): Promotes chemical-free natural farming
PM Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)
- Fisheries sector development: infrastructure, production, productivity, technology, post-harvest management, export promotion
- Outlay: ₹20,050 crore — largest ever investment in fisheries sector
Rashtriya Gokul Mission
- Conservation & development of indigenous cattle breeds
- Gokul Grams (integrated cattle development centres); breed improvement
VB–G RAM G (Earlier: MGNREGA)
- Full Form: Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin)
- Earlier: Guaranteed 100 days of wage employment per year under MGNREGA
- Now: Provides 125 days of wage employment per rural household
- Shift from demand-driven → supply-driven (normative allocation)
- Funding Pattern: 60:40 (Centre:State), 90:10 (NE/Himalayan), 100% for UTs
- Seasonal pause during peak agricultural periods (up to 60 days/year)
- Planning via Viksit Gram Panchayat Plans
- Tech-enabled governance (DBT, Aadhaar-based payments, geotagging)
SVAMITVA Scheme
- Provides property rights to rural household owners in inhabited land (abadi areas)
- Uses drone-based mapping for demarcation
- Property cards (rights of record) → enable bank loans against property
Prelims Trap: Drone mapping is the key feature | Ministry: Panchayati Raj (not Rural Development)
Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)
- Functional Household Tap Connection (FHTC) to every rural household by 2024
- Har Ghar Jal — safe drinking water to all
- Outlay: ₹3.6 lakh crore
Namami Gange Programme
- Clean & rejuvenate river Ganga; ₹20,000 crore outlay
- Implemented by National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG)
- Focus: sewage treatment plants, ghat development, biodiversity conservation, surface cleaning
Atal Bhujal Yojana
- Community-led groundwater management in 7 water-stressed states
- World Bank assisted; focus on demand-side management
PM Awas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G)
- Housing for rural poor; assistance: ₹1.20 lakh (plain areas), ₹1.30 lakh (NE/hilly)
- Beneficiary selection via SECC data + Gram Sabha verification
DAY-NRLM (Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – NRLM)
- Poverty reduction through Self Help Groups (SHGs) — mobilising rural women
- Lakhpati Didi initiative targets 3 crore women earning ₹1 lakh+ per year via SHGs
⚡ Agriculture/Rural — Quick Prelims Traps
💰 PART 4: Economy, Finance, MSME & Digital Commerce
- PM-KISAN → Income support; 100% Central; not loan waiver
- PMFBY → Insurance; premium: 2/1.5/5%
- PMKSY → Irrigation; “Per Drop More Crop”
- SVAMITVA → Drone mapping; Ministry: Panchayati Raj
- MGNREGA → Legal right; 100 days; 1/3rd women
- JJM → Tap water to every rural household
- PM-KUSUM → Solar for agriculture (under MNRE, not MoA)
PM Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)
- Financial inclusion: zero-balance bank accounts with RuPay debit card
- Overdraft facility (₹10,000), DBT-enabled, accident insurance cover
- Core of JAM Trinity (Jan Dhan – Aadhaar – Mobile)
PM MUDRA Yojana (PMMY)
- Loans to non-corporate, non-farm small/micro businesses
- Three categories: Shishu (≤₹50,000) | Kishor (₹50k–₹5L) | Tarun (₹5L–₹10L)
- New category: Tarun Plus (₹10L–₹20L) added in Union Budget 2024
Stand-Up India
- Loans from ₹10 lakh to ₹1 crore to SC/ST and Women entrepreneurs
- At least one SC/ST + one woman borrower per bank branch
Three Jan Suraksha Schemes
- PMJJBY (PM Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana): Life insurance — ₹2 lakh at ₹436/year
- PMSBY (PM Suraksha Bima Yojana): Accident insurance — ₹2 lakh at ₹20/year
- APY (Atal Pension Yojana): Pension scheme for unorganised sector workers
Prelims Trap: PMJJBY = Life (death benefit) | PMSBY = Accident only
Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme
- Incentive linked to incremental production over a base year
- Covers 14 sectors including mobile phones, pharma, food processing, textiles, ACC batteries, solar PV, specialty steel, auto
- Total outlay: ~₹1.97 lakh crore over 5 years
PM Vishwakarma Scheme
- Supports traditional artisans & craftsmen in 18 trades (carpenter, blacksmith, potter, weaver, etc.)
- Skill training + toolkit incentive (₹15,000) + collateral-free credit (₹1–2 lakh at 5%)
- Digital payment incentive; market linkage support
ONDC (Open Network for Digital Commerce)
- Open network (like UPI model) for democratising e-commerce
- Allows any buyer/seller app to transact across the network
- Breaks monopoly of proprietary e-commerce platforms
Prelims Trap: ONDC is a network/protocol — NOT a platform | Analogous to UPI (not Amazon/Flipkart)
LEADS & LEAPS (Logistics)
- LEADS (Logistics Ease Across Different States): Annual index ranking states/UTs on logistics performance
- LEAPS (Logistics Excellence, Advancement & Performance Shield): Initiative to improve logistics infrastructure
RAMP (Raising & Accelerating MSME Performance)
- World Bank assisted; improves MSME productivity, competitiveness & market access
- Focus on formalization, technology adoption, cluster development
⚡ Economy/Finance — Quick Prelims Traps
🏗️ PART 5: Infrastructure (Transport, Urban, Power)
- PMJDY → JAM Trinity core; zero-balance accounts
- MUDRA → Shishu/Kishor/Tarun categories; Tarun Plus added 2024
- PMJJBY → Life | PMSBY → Accident only
- PLI → Incremental production incentive; 14 sectors
- PM Vishwakarma → 18 traditional trades; Ministry of MSME
- ONDC → Network protocol (not platform); democratises e-commerce
PM Gati Shakti – National Master Plan (NMP)
- GIS-based digital platform integrating 16 ministries for multimodal infrastructure planning
- Focuses on logistics efficiency; reduces time & cost of connectivity
- Based on 7 engines of growth: Roads, Railways, Airports, Ports, Mass Transport, Waterways, Logistics
Prelims Trap: Planning & coordination tool — NOT a funding scheme
Bharatmala Pariyojana
- Development of economic corridors, inter corridors, ring roads, expressways
- Phase-I: 34,800 km; focus on multimodal logistics parks
Sagarmala Programme
- Port-led development: port modernisation, connectivity, industrialisation, coastal community development
UDAN Scheme (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik)
- Regional air connectivity to underserved/unserved airports
- Subsidised airfares; Viability Gap Funding (VGF) to airlines
- UDAN 5.0: Extended to newer routes including hilly, remote, and island areas
Smart Cities Mission
- 100 cities selected for smart urban infrastructure; Area-Based Development + Pan-City Solutions
- Focus on ICT, sustainable mobility, e-governance, waste management
AMRUT 2.0 (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation & Urban Transformation)
- Water supply to every household in 500 cities; sewerage + septage management
- Urban mobility, green spaces; 100% water supply coverage target
PM SVANidhi Scheme
- Collateral-free working capital loans to street vendors
- ₹10,000 → ₹20,000 → ₹50,000 (enhanced credit ladder on timely repayment)
- Digital transaction incentive; promotes financial inclusion of vendors
RDSS (Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme)
- Improve DISCOM (electricity distribution company) operational efficiency
- Smart prepaid meters, feeder separation, upgradation of DT infrastructure
- Performance-based funding to DISCOMs
Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFC)
- Two corridors: Eastern DFC (Ludhiana–Dankuni) + Western DFC (Jawaharlal Nehru Port–Dadri)
- Frees passenger train capacity; reduces logistics cost
⚡ Infrastructure — Quick Prelims Traps
🌱 PART 6: Environment & Energy
- Gati Shakti → GIS-based planning tool (16 ministries); NOT a funding scheme
- Bharatmala → Roads/highways | Sagarmala → Ports
- UDAN → Regional aviation; subsidised fares (VGF to airlines)
- PM SVANidhi → Street vendors; collateral-free loans
- RDSS → DISCOM reform; smart meters
National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
- Umbrella policy with 8 National Missions
- Key missions: National Solar Mission, National Water Mission, National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture, National Mission for Green India
Prelims Trap: NOT a single scheme — umbrella policy framework with 8 missions
National Mission for Green India (GIM)
- Increase forest/tree cover by 5 million hectares; improve ecosystem services
- One of the 8 missions under NAPCC
MISHTI Scheme (Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes)
- Mangrove restoration & afforestation along India’s coastline
- Convergence of CAMPA funds, MGNREGA, and other schemes
Green Credit Programme
- Incentivises voluntary environmental actions (tree plantation, water conservation, waste management)
- Tradeable green credits issued; different from Carbon Credits
Prelims Trap: Green Credit ≠ Carbon Credit | Voluntary, not mandatory
National Green Hydrogen Mission
- Make India a global hub for green hydrogen production, usage & export
- Target: 5 MMT (million metric tonnes) green hydrogen by 2030
- SIGHT Programme (Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition): Financial incentive for green hydrogen & electrolyser manufacturing
- Outlay: ₹19,744 crore
PM-Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana
- Rooftop solar for households; subsidy on installation
- 300 units free electricity per month for households with rooftop solar
- Target: 1 crore households; reduces electricity bills
National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)
- Reduce PM2.5 and PM10 levels by 40% by 2026 (revised target) in 131 non-attainment cities
- City-specific Air Quality Action Plans
GRAP (Graded Response Action Plan)
- Stage-wise air pollution control in Delhi-NCR based on AQI levels
- Stage I (Poor) → Stage II (Very Poor) → Stage III (Severe) → Stage IV (Severe+)
- Managed by Commission for Air Quality Management in NCR & Adjoining Areas (CAQM)
PAT Scheme (Perform, Achieve & Trade)
- Improve energy efficiency in energy-intensive industries
- Industries that over-achieve targets earn Energy Saving Certificates (ESCerts) — tradeable
LiFE Mission (Lifestyle for Environment)
- Promotes environmentally conscious lifestyle — “Pro-Planet People”
- Launched by PM Modi at COP-26; nudge theory approach
⚡ Environment/Energy — Quick Prelims Traps
💻 PART 7: Science, Technology & Digital Governance
- NAPCC → Umbrella policy (8 missions) — not a single scheme
- MISHTI → Mangrove restoration (not general afforestation)
- Green Credit → Voluntary; tradeable; ≠ Carbon Credits
- Green Hydrogen Mission → 5 MMT by 2030; SIGHT = financial incentive component
- PM Surya Ghar → Rooftop solar; 300 units free/month
- PAT → Market mechanism; ESCerts tradeable
- GRAP → Delhi-NCR only; 4 stages; managed by CAQM
India Semiconductor Mission (ISM)
- Develops semiconductor & display manufacturing ecosystem in India
- Financial incentives for semiconductor fabs; promotes chip design
- Chips to Startup (C2S): Trains manpower in semiconductor chip design
BHASHINI (National Language Translation Mission)
- Enables digital services in Indian languages using AI
- Builds AI/ML models for all 22 scheduled languages
- Promotes digital inclusion across linguistic barriers
PM-WANI Scheme
- Expand public Wi-Fi access through Public Data Offices (PDOs)
- No licence required for setting up PDOs — lowers barrier
- Decentralised model for last-mile internet connectivity
Sanchar Saathi App
- Prevent telecom fraud; track & block lost/stolen mobile phones (CEIR)
- Verify mobile connections; report suspected fraud communications
PRAGATI Platform
- Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation
- Direct real-time review of major govt projects by Prime Minister
- Grievance redressal + project monitoring combined
National e-Vidhan Application (NeVA)
- Digitise state legislature functioning — paperless legislative process
- Questions, answers, bills — all digital
National Research Foundation (NRF)
- Apex body to seed, grow & promote R&D and foster a culture of research in India
- Outlay: ₹50,000 crore over 5 years; funds universities, colleges, research institutions
- Modelled on similar bodies in USA (NSF) and China
Nuclear Energy Mission (SHANTI Act 2025)
- SHANTI: Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India
- Allows private sector participation in nuclear energy (major policy shift)
- Target: 100 GW nuclear energy by 2047
⚡ Tech/Digital — Quick Prelims Traps
- ISM → Semiconductor ecosystem (manufacturing, not just R&D)
- BHASHINI → AI-based language translation; 22 scheduled languages
- PM-WANI → No licence needed; public Wi-Fi PDOs
- PRAGATI → PM-led; project monitoring + grievance
- NeVA → Legislature digitisation (not general e-governance)
- NRF → ₹50,000 crore; apex body for R&D in India
- UPI → Operated by NPCI; not directly a govt scheme
⚡ Social Justice — Quick Prelims Traps
🏛️ PART 9: Governance, Admin & Miscellaneous
- Mission Shakti → Umbrella: Sambal (safety) + Samarthya (empowerment)
- POSHAN 2.0 → Nutrition for 0–6 yrs, adolescent girls, PW/LM
- NAMASTE → Mechanised sanitation; eliminates manual scavenging
- SMILE → Transgender + beggars; MoSJE
- PM JANMAN → Only for PVTGs (75 groups)
- EMRS → Residential schools for tribal students
Mission Karmayogi (NPCSCB)
- National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building
- iGOT Karmayogi — digital learning platform for civil servants
- Shifts from rule-based to competency-based civil services
Prelims Trap: Civil servants training — not general public education
PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDDKY)
- Covers 100 low-productivity districts with a focus on agricultural productivity improvement
- Convergence of 12 existing schemes; no new money — efficient delivery
PM MITRA Scheme (Mega Textile Parks)
- PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel Parks
- 7 integrated textile parks with plug-and-play infrastructure
- 5F vision: Farm to Fibre to Factory to Fashion to Foreign
Critical Mineral Recycling & REPM Schemes
- Critical Mineral Recycling Incentive Scheme: Promote recycling of critical minerals (lithium, cobalt, etc.) from e-waste
- REPM Scheme: Scheme for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets — boost rare earth manufacturing for EVs, wind turbines
Village Defence Guards (VDGs)
- Local security volunteers especially in Jammu & Kashmir
- Support to police/paramilitary in remote areas; armed & paid allowance
⚡ Master Quick Revision — High-Yield Prelims Points
- PM-JAY → ₹5L/family/year | Insurance | NHA | SECC 2011 | Not primary health
- PM-ABHIM → ₹64,180 crore | Infrastructure | One Health | Not insurance
- JSY = Cash | JSSK = Free services (critical exam distinction)
- PM SHRI → Upgrade 14,500 existing schools | NEP 2020 aligned
- NIRF → 5 parameters | MoE (not UGC) | 2015 | Ranking framework
- PM-KISAN → ₹6000/year | 3 instalments | 100% Central | Income support (not loan waiver)
- PMFBY → 2% Kharif | 1.5% Rabi | 5% Commercial | Farmer pays small premium
- VB–G RAM G (Earlier: MGNREGA) → 125 days | Supply-driven (normative allocation) | Seasonal pause | Budget-capped
- SVAMITVA → Drone mapping | Panchayati Raj Ministry | Rural property rights
- JJM → Tap water every rural HH | “Har Ghar Jal” | ₹3.6 lakh crore
- MUDRA → Shishu/Kishor/Tarun + Tarun Plus (2024) | Non-corporate small businesses
- PLI → 14 sectors | Incremental production incentive | ~₹1.97 lakh crore
- ONDC → Network (not platform) | Like UPI model | Democratises e-commerce
- PM Vishwakarma → 18 trades | ₹15,000 toolkit | 5% credit | MoMSME
- Gati Shakti → GIS planning | 16 ministries | NOT a funding scheme
- PM SVANidhi → Street vendors | Collateral-free | ₹10K→₹20K→₹50K
- Green Hydrogen Mission → 5 MMT by 2030 | SIGHT = incentive component
- PM Surya Ghar → Rooftop solar | 300 units free/month | 2024
- MISHTI → Mangrove restoration | CAMPA + MGNREGA convergence
- Green Credit → Voluntary | Tradeable | ≠ Carbon Credits
- NAMASTE → Mechanised sanitation | Eliminates manual scavenging
- PM JANMAN → PVTGs only (75 groups) | Ministry of Tribal Affairs | 2023
- Mission Karmayogi → Civil servants | iGOT platform | Competency-based
- NRF → ₹50,000 crore | Apex R&D body | DST
- SHANTI Act 2025 → Nuclear; allows private sector participation