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UPSC CSE Preparation
UPSC Mains — Previous Year Question
2025 GS4 Ethics 10 Marks
Question
“One who is devoted to one’s duty attains highest perfection in life.” Analyse this statement with reference to sense of responsibility and personal fulfilment as a civil servant.
Model Answer

Grounded in the philosophical traditions of Nishkama Karma (selfless duty in the Bhagavad Gita) and Kantian deontological ethics, this statement affirms that the highest moral attainment lies in the dedicated execution of one’s responsibilities without attachment to personal praise or material rewards. For a civil servant, true professional fulfillment comes from serving the public and upholding constitutional values.

Sense of Responsibility in Public Service

  • Fiduciary Duty to the Public: Civil servants hold public authority as trustees, with an ethical duty to exercise administrative discretion impartially and resist partisan pressures.
    • Exemplar: Kiran Bedi (IPS) focused on humanizing detention conditions and introducing prisoner education programs while serving as Inspector General of Tihar Jail.
  • Kantian Duty for Its Own Sake: Fulfilling administrative duties because it is right, rather than for external accolades, career progression, or personal convenience.
  • Public Accountability and Probity: Managing public revenues and assets with transparency, ensuring every rupee delivers public value free from corruption.
    • Exemplar: E. Sreedharan (“Metro Man”) completed major infrastructure projects on schedule while enforcing zero tolerance for financial malpractice.
  • Upholding Constitutional Morality Under Pressure: Protecting the rights of marginalized citizens, prioritizing public welfare over personal comfort.
    • Exemplar: Satyendra Dubey demonstrated moral courage by exposing corruption in national highway projects, exemplifying dedication to duty.

Personal Fulfilment Through Devotion to Duty

  • Achieving Eudaimonia (Flourishing): In Aristotelian ethics, genuine human flourishing is attained through virtuous activity. A civil servant finds purpose through ethical public administration.
  • The Gandhian Spirit of Service (Seva Bhava): Moving beyond self-interest to serve the “last person” (Antyodaya), deriving satisfaction from helping vulnerable citizens access basic entitlements.
    • Exemplar: Dr. Verghese Kurien found personal purpose in organizing rural milk producers into cooperatives, empowering smallholder farmers nationwide.
  • Moral Peace of Mind (Atma-Tushti): Performing one’s duties honestly provides inner moral satisfaction that insulates an administrator from career anxieties and external pressures.
  • Contributing to Structural Social Change: Gaining professional fulfillment by building public infrastructure, improving school systems, or resolving local grievances, contributing to national development.

For a public servant, professional achievement is not defined by rank, titles, or privileges, but by devotion to constitutional duty. Acting with integrity, impartiality, and empathy translates public responsibility into meaningful public service.

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