Explanation

Option D is correct: Pyrolysis and Plasma Gasification are advanced thermal conversion processes utilized in modern Waste-to-Energy (WtE) and municipal solid waste management facilities:

– Pyrolysis: The thermal decomposition of carbonaceous waste materials at elevated temperatures (typically 400°C to 800°C) in the complete absence of oxygen, producing synthesis gas (syngas), bio-oil, and solid char.
– Plasma Arc Gasification: Employs an electric plasma torch to create high temperatures (exceeding 3,000°C to 10,000°C) that break molecular bonds in municipal and hazardous solid wastes, producing clean syngas for power generation and an inert vitrified slag.

Hence, these terms pertain to Waste-to-energy technologies — Option D.