Explanation

The black cotton soil (Regur soil) of peninsular India has developed through the in-situ chemical weathering of fissure volcanic rock (basaltic lava):

– During the late Cretaceous period, massive volcanic fissure eruptions formed the extensive flood basalts of the Deccan Trap (Deccan Lava Plateau) across Maharashtra, Gujarat, western Madhya Pradesh, and parts of Karnataka and Telangana.
– Weathering and disintegration of these iron- and magnesium-rich basaltic lava flows under subtropical conditions produced soils rich in montmorillonite clay minerals, conferring high moisture retentiveness, self-ploughing capacity through swelling and shrinking, and suitability for cotton cultivation.

Therefore, the parent material is fissure volcanic rock — Option B.