Question
Consider the following dynasties:
1. Hoysala
2. Gahadavala
3. Kakatiya
4. Yadava
How many of the above dynasties established their kingdoms in early eighth century AD?
Correct Answer — D
Explanation
The correct option is D (None).
- Hoysala dynasty: Established around the late 10th to mid-11th century CE (prominent ruler Vishnuvardhana ruled in the early 12th century; capital: Dwarasamudra/Halebidu).
- Gahadavala dynasty: Established in the late 11th century CE by Chandradeva (around 1089–1090 CE; region: Kannauj and Varanasi).
- Kakatiya dynasty: Emerged as feudatories in the 10th to 11th century CE and declared complete sovereign independence under Prataparudra I in the late 12th century CE (capital: Orugallu/Warangal).
- Yadava (Seuna) dynasty: Reigned initially as feudatories before rising to prominent sovereign rule in the late 12th century CE under Bhillama V (around 1187 CE; capital: Devagiri).
All four dynasties established sovereign kingdoms between the 10th and 12th centuries CE, well after the early 8th century CE (700s AD).