Explanation

Answer: B (Only two)

• 1. Bharatiya Jana Sangh – Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee (Correctly matched): Founded in October 1951 with Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee as its founder-president.

• 2. Socialist Party – C. Rajagopalachari (Incorrectly matched): The Socialist Party was founded by Acharya Narendra Dev, Jayaprakash Narayan, Ram Manohar Lohia, and others (1948).

• 3. Congress for Democracy – Jagjivan Ram (Correctly matched): Formed in February 1977 by Babu Jagjivan Ram along with Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna and Nandini Satpathy after parting ways with Indira Gandhi; later merged into the Janata Party.

• 4. Swatantra Party – Acharya Narendra Dev (Incorrectly matched): Founded in August 1959 by C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji), Minoo Masani, and N.G. Ranga advocating free-market enterprise and individual liberty.

(Pairs 1 and 3 are correctly matched).

Key Facts (Post-Independence Political Parties):

• Bharatiya Jana Sangh (1951): Emphasized “One country, one culture, one nation” (Akhand Bharat) and opposed special status for Jammu & Kashmir.
• Congress Socialist Party / Socialist Party: Formed within the Congress in 1934 under Acharya Narendra Dev (President) and JP Narayan (General Secretary); became an independent party in 1948.
• Swatantra Party (1959): Formed in opposition to the Nagpur Resolution of the Congress (which advocated cooperative joint farming and state control over the economy).
• Congress for Democracy (CFD, 1977): Formed just before the 1977 general elections following the lifting of the Emergency; played a pivotal role in the Janata alliance victory.