Explanation
The Constitution adopts a
graded amendment procedure under
Article 368, where only those changes that affect the
federal balance between Centre and States require
ratification by at least half of the States.
Statement I is correct. The
Union List in the Seventh Schedule defines the distribution of
legislative powers between the Centre and States. Any change here alters the
federal structure, so
State ratification is mandatory.
Statement II is correct. The
extent of executive power of a State (under
Article 162) is a core part of
Centre–State relations. Any amendment affecting this also requires
ratification by States.
Statement III is incorrect. The
conditions of the Governor’s office (under
Article 158) do not affect the federal distribution of powers. Hence, such amendments can be made by
Parliament alone without State ratification.
Thus, only
I and II require ratification by the States.