Explanation

The term Kshetra-patni reflects the growing association of agriculture, fertility and land in early Vedic thought. It refers to the “mistress of the field” and is invoked in connection with agricultural prosperity.

Atharvaveda — Correct: The term appears in the Atharvaveda, where Kshetra-patni is invoked to bless agricultural activities and ensure fertility of the land.

Rigveda — Incorrect: The Rigveda mentions Kshetrapati (“Lord of the Field”), but the feminine term Kshetra-patni is associated with the later Atharvavedic tradition.

Ashtadhyayi — Incorrect: Panini’s Ashtadhyayi is primarily a treatise on Sanskrit grammar and is not the source of the Vedic agricultural deity.

Arthashastra — Incorrect: Kautilya’s Arthashastra deals extensively with agriculture and land administration, but it is much later than the Vedic texts and is not the source of the term.

Therefore, the correct answer is Atharvaveda.