Explanation
Coal gasification technology converts coal into
synthesis gas (syngas) — a mixture primarily of
carbon monoxide (CO) and
hydrogen (H₂). This syngas serves as a
feedstock for producing chemicals and fuels.
Ethanol can be produced from syngas through
catalytic conversion or fermentation, making Statement I correct.
Urea requires
ammonia (NH₃) and
carbon dioxide (CO₂) for its synthesis. The
hydrogen for ammonia is derived from syngas, so coal gasification indirectly supports urea production. Statement III is therefore also correct.
Nitroglycerine, however, is synthesized through
nitration of glycerol using
nitric acid and sulphuric acid, with
no connection to syngas, making Statement II incorrect.
India is promoting coal gasification under the
National Coal Gasification Mission, with projects like the
Talcher Fertilizer Plant (Odisha) aimed at producing urea — reducing dependence on
imported natural gas.
Thus, coal gasification can be used in the production of
Ethanol and Urea.