Explanation
Statement I is correct. Microsoft unveiled the
Majorana 1 chip in February 2025 as a groundbreaking topological quantum processor. Unlike conventional quantum chips, it uses topological qubits — based on Majorana zero modes — which are significantly more stable against decoherence (environmental noise that disrupts quantum calculations). The chip is built using a
topoconductor, a hybrid material made of indium arsenide (semiconductor) and aluminum (superconductor). It is designed to scale up to one million qubits while being compact enough to fit in the palm of a hand, marking a major step toward fault-tolerant, industrial-scale quantum computing.
Statement II is incorrect. The Majorana 1 chip was developed by Microsoft Quantum Labs, not by Amazon Web Services (AWS). AWS introduced a separate quantum chip project called Ocelot, which focuses on quantum error correction through a different architectural approach. The two are independent efforts in the global race toward quantum advantage.
Statement III is correct. In the taxonomy of artificial intelligence, deep learning is a subset of machine learning, which is itself a subset of AI. Deep learning uses multi-layered artificial neural networks inspired by the human brain to process complex data. It powers applications such as image recognition, speech recognition, and generative AI. Classical machine learning, on the other hand, includes techniques like decision trees, support vector machines, and clustering algorithms.